Beyond gait and balance: urinary and bowel dysfunction in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

Table 3 Methods for management of urinary and bowel symptoms

Pharmacological interventions^a			Non-pharmacological interventions		Lifestyle modifications
Constipation/bowel supplements^c	Fiber supplements Laxatives Linaclotide Loperamide Lubiprostone Probiotics	42.6%	Leak protection pads/briefs^e	41.6%	Restricting caffeine and/or alcohol intake^b,^e	40.4%
Anti-cholinergics^d	Darifenacin Fesoterodine Oxybutynin Solifenacin Tolterodine Trospium	19.7%	Catheterization^d	13.3%	Limiting/modifying fluid intake^e	37.1%
β3-agonists^d	Mirabegron	12.7%	Abdominal massage^b^,e	9.6%	Limiting/modifying food intake^e	23.6%
α-blockers^d	Alfuzosin Silodosin Tamsulosin Terazosin	11.3%	Pelvic floor physical therapy^e	7.9%	Planning daily schedule around proximity to restroom^b,^e	17.3%
Cholinergic agonists^d	Bethanechol	1.4%	Pelvic floor physical therapy^e	7.9%	Planning daily schedule around proximity to restroom^b,^e	17.3%

Percentage of patients in our cohort that had tried each medication, non-pharmacological intervention, and lifestyle modification to manage urinary and bowel symptoms
^aAmong patients with a medication record available
^bAmong survey respondents only
^cAmong patients with at least one bowel symptom
^dAmong patients with at least one urinary symptom
^eAmong patients with at least one urinary or bowel symptom

ISSN: 1750-1172