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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants in the two groups

From: Effects of yoga on exercise capacity in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a nonrandomized controlled study

Characteristics

Yoga (N = 13)

Control (N = 13)

P Value

Age-years

39.8 ± 8.5

43.4 ± 9.2

0.317

BMI (kg/m2)

21.9 ± 2.2

20.9 ± 1.5

0.201

Daily steps

9383 ± 3885

9388 ± 3962

0.998

6MWD (m)

550 ± 64

516 ± 80

0.209

SpO2 after exercise (%)

88 ± 9

90 ± 8

0.507

Borg score after exercise

0.9 ± 1.3

1.1 ± 1.4

0.978

VEGF-D, pg/ml

2957 ± 2915

2785 ± 3024

0.369

Clinical features — no. (%)

 Sirolimus treatment

6 (46)

7 (54)

1.000

 History of pneumothorax

6 (46)

3 (23)

0.411

 History of angiomyolipoma

1 (8)

5 (38)

0.160

 Tuberous sclerosis complex

1 (8)

1 (8)

1.000

 History of chylothorax or ascites

5 (38)

3 (23)

0.673

St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)

 Symptoms

16.0 ± 13.1

15.0 ± 17.0

0.537

 Activity

30.1 ± 14.7

33.7 ± 25.4

0.483

 Impact

17.5 ± 17.6

18.2 ± 18.0

0.816

 Total

21.1 ± 13.1

22.5 ± 18.3

0.837

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

 Anxiety

4.5 ± 8.8

2.9 ± 2.1

0.624

 Depression

1.6 ± 2.4

1.4 ± 1.6

0.830

Pulmonary function testing

 FEV1 (ml)

2009 ± 639

2078 ± 845

0.816

 FEV1%pred

72.0 ± 21.6

77.3 ± 28.0

0.594

 FVC (ml)

3196 ± 628

3306 ± 481

0.621

 FVC%pred

98.5 ± 16.5

105.8 ± 12.2

0.213

 FEV1/FVC (%)

62.6 ± 14.3

62.6 ± 22.1

0.995

Incremental CPET

 VO2peak (ml/min/kg)

15.4 ± 3.3

14.4 ± 3.9

0.467

 AT (ml/min/kg)

10.1 ± 1.9

9.7 ± 2.1

0.616

 Peak work load (W)

88.5 ± 24.0

82.8 ± 27.5

0.574

 Breathing Reserve (L/min)

41.69 ± 21.52

45.31 ± 33.32

0.511

  1. The data are expressed as the means±SD
  2. Abbreviations: AT anaerobic threshold, BMI body mass index, CPET cardiopulmonary exercise test, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, SpO2 pluse oxygen saturation, VEGF-D vascular endothelial growth factor-D, VO2peak peak oxygen consumption, 6MWD 6-min walking distance
  3. The P value was calculated with the use of the Wilcoxon rank-sum test
  4. The P value was calculated with the use of Fisher’s exact test