Fig. 1

Glutathione peroxidase 4. a Crystal structure representation of Sec-containing human GPX4 (Modified from PDB 5H5S) [34]. Black and pink boxes denote selenocysteine (Sec46) and arginine (Arg152) residues, respectively. b Schematic of antioxidant function of GPX4. Briefly, GPX4 slows lipid peroxidation by reducing a reactive phospholipid hydroperoxide (PL-OOH) to a non-reactive alcohol (PL-OH) while converting reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG). c Comparison of arginine (pink) and histidine (orange) amino acid residues that are substituted in most common R152H GPX4 mutation