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Table 1 Inflammation symptoms and malignant symptoms

From: Exploration of treatment in childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis based on inflammatory and malignant symptoms: a pilot study

Symptoms

Involved organs and manifestations

Inflammatory symptoms

• Rash

• Ear canal lesions: otorrhea or suspected hearing impairment

• Bone damage: pain, limited mobility, hollow mass of the calvarium, eosinophilic granuloma of the long bones,scoliosis or vertebral compression fracture

• Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea, failure to thrive or evidence of malabsorption

• Pulmonary symptoms: cough, shortness of breath

• Liver symptoms: jaundice, low whiteness proteinemia, etc

• Endocrine system symptoms: short stature, growth failure precocious or delayed puberty,hypothyroidism

• Central nervous system symptoms: diabetes insipidus, neurodegenerative changes

Malignant symptoms

• Noninfectious persistent fever

• Infiltrated symptoms: gingival or palatal swelling, splenomegaly, mass of body or organ, lymphadenopathy

• Hematologic symptoms: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia not explained by other causes